What is Ansible?

Ansible is an open source automation platform. It is very, very simple to setup and yet powerful. Ansible can help you with configuration management, application deployment, task automation. It can also do IT orchestration, where you have to run tasks in sequence and create a chain of events which must happen on several different servers or devices. An example is if you have a group of web servers behind a load balancer. Ansible can upgrade the web servers one at a time and while upgrading it can remove the current web server from the load balancer and disable it in your Nagios monitoring system. So in short you can handle complex tasks with a tool which is easy to use.

Ansible is a radically simple IT automation engine that automatescloud provisioning, configuration management, application deployment,intra-service orchestration, and many other IT needs.

Designed for multi-tier deployments since day one, Ansible models your IT infrastructure by describing how all of your systems inter-relate, rather than just managing one system at a time.

It uses no agents and no additional custom security infrastructure, so it's easy to deploy - and most importantly, it uses a very simple language (YAML, in the form of Ansible Playbooks) that allow you to describe your automation jobs in a way that approaches plain English.

 Ansible works by connecting to your nodes and pushing out small programs, called "Ansible modules" to them. These programs are written to be resource models of the desired state of the system. Ansible then executes these modules (over SSH by default), and removes them when finished.

Your library of modules can reside on any machine, and there are no servers, daemons, or databases required. Typically you'll work with your favorite terminal program, a text editor, and probably a version control system to keep track of changes to your content.

Ansible uses SSH which is assumed to be installed on all the systems you want to manage. Also it’s written in Python which needs to be installed on the remote host. This means that you don’t have to setup a client server environment before using Ansible, you can just run it from any of your machines and from the clients point of view there is no knowledge of any Ansible.
Michael DeHaan, the author of the provisioning server application Cobbler and co-author of the Func framework for remote administration, developed the platform. It is included as part of the Fedora distribution of Linux, owned by Red Hat Inc., and is also available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux,CentOS, and Scientific Linux via Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) as well as for other operating systems.

Ansible, Inc. (originally AnsibleWorks, Inc.) was the company set up to commercially support and sponsor Ansible. Red Hat acquired Ansible in October 2015


https://www.ansible.com/how-ansible-works

What is Programming

A Farewell to Orkut

After ten years of sparking conversations and forging connections, we have decided it's time for us to start saying goodbye to Orkut. Over the past decade, YouTube, Blogger and Google+ have taken off, with communities springing up in every corner of the world. Because the growth of these communities has outpaced Orkut's growth, we've decided to focus our energy and resources on making these other social platforms as amazing as possible for everyone who uses them.
We will shut down Orkut on September 30, 2014. Until then, there will be no impact on you, so you may have time to manage the transition. You can export your profile data, community posts and photos using Google Takeout (available until September 2016). We are preserving an archive of all public communities, which will be available online starting September 30, 2014. If you don't want your posts or name to be included in the community archive, you can remove Orkut permanently from your Google account. Please visit our Help Center for any further details.
It's been a great 10 years, and we apologize to those of you still actively using the service. We hope you will find other online communities to spark more conversations and build even more connections for the next decade and beyond.

WhatsApp Messenger

WhatsApp Messenger is a cross-platform mobile messaging app which allows you to exchange messages without having to pay for SMS. WhatsApp Messenger is available for iPhone, BlackBerry, Android, Windows Phone and Nokia and yes, those phones can all message each other! Because WhatsApp Messenger uses the same internet data plan that you use for email and web browsing, there is no cost to message and stay in touch with your friends.
In addition to basic messaging WhatsApp users can create groups, send each other unlimited images, video and audio media messages.

Download WhatsApp

A brief history of Facebook

Mark Zuckerberg, 23, founded Facebook while studying psychology at Harvard University. A keen computer programmer, Mr Zuckerberg had already developed a number of social-networking websites for fellow students, including Coursematch, which allowed users to view people taking their degree, and Facemash, where you could rate people's attractiveness.
In February 2004 Mr Zuckerberg launched "The facebook", as it was originally known; the name taken from the sheets of paper distributed to freshmen, profiling students and staff. Within 24 hours, 1,200 Harvard students had signed up, and after one month, over half of the undergraduate population had a profile.
The network was promptly extended to other Boston universities, the Ivy League and eventually all US universities. It became Facebook.com in August 2005 after the address was purchased for $200,000. US high schools could sign up from September 2005, then it began to spread worldwide, reaching UK universities the following month.
As of September 2006, the network was extended beyond educational institutions to anyone with a registered email address. The site remains free to join, and makes a profit through advertising revenue. Yahoo and Google are among companies which have expressed interest in a buy-out, with rumoured figures of around $2bn (£975m) being discussed. Mr Zuckerberg has so far refused to sell.
The site's features have continued to develop during 2007. Users can now give gifts to friends, post free classified advertisements and even develop their own applications - graffiti and Scrabble are particularly popular.
This month the company announced that the number of registered users had reached 30 million, making it the largest social-networking site with an education focus.
Earlier in the year there were rumours that Prince William had registered, but it was later revealed to be a mere impostor. The MP David Miliband, the radio DJ Jo Whiley, the actor Orlando Bloom, the artist Tracey Emin and the founder of Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, are among confirmed high-profile members.
This month officials banned a flash-mob-style water fight in Hyde Park, organised through Facebook, due to public safety fears. And there was further controversy at Oxford as students became aware that university authorities were checking their Facebook profiles.
The legal case against Facebook dates back to September 2004, when Divya Narendra, and the brothers Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, who founded the social-networking site ConnectU, accused Mr Zuckerberg of copying their ideas and coding. Mr Zuckerberg had worked as a computer programmer for them when they were all at Harvard before Facebook was created.
The case was dismissed due to a technicality in March 2007 but without a ruling.

Google launches Rs 12cr contest for social entrepreneurs

Internet search titan Google has launched its Google Impact Challenge in India, asking the country's non-profit organizations how they would use technology to tackle social problems in India and around the world. The four submissions judged as the best will each receive Rs 3 crore and technical assistance from Google to help make their project a reality.

Applications to the competition open today and Indian non-profits are invited to apply online by 5th September at g.co/indiachallenge. A team from Google will review applications and announce 10 finalists on October 21. The top 10 finalists will then be announced and the public will be able to cast a vote for their favourite projects.

The final event, scheduled to take place on October 31, will be judged by a panel comprising Google board member Ram Shriram; Google's chief business officer, Nikesh Arora; Jacquelline Fuller, director of Google Giving; Anu Aga, social worker and former chairperson, Thermax; and Jayant Sinha, managing director, Omidyar Network India Advisors, who will select three awardees. The fourth winner will be selected on the basis of online votes from the public.

This is Google's first Challenge in India and only its second overall. The company annually gives away approximately $100 million in grants, $1 billion in free as well as discounted apps and ads, and 50,000 employee volunteer hours globally. In 2012, it launched the Global Impact Awards to support entrepreneurial non-profits with a tech idea for how to change the world.

Previous awardees have developed projects ranging from technology that allowed under-privileged students to access maths and science education to real-time sensors that help ensure people have better access to clean water.

Ram Shriram, judge and Google board member, said, "I've had the privilege of working with budding inventors for many years, and I know India's entrepreneurs are some of the biggest and boldest thinkers in the world. Today I'm thrilled to be part of a new tech-oriented, venture model that will support our country's amazing engine of social entrepreneurs, identifying and backing the best technology ideas to improve the lives of millions."

Rajan Anandan, vice president and managing director, Google India, added, "We are thrilled that the Google Impact Challenge is launching in India. It is a great opportunity for Indian non-profits to scale their efforts to help solve some of our toughest problems. India already has a rich tradition of corporate giving and hopefully the Challenge will galvanize social entrepreneurship in India."

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• Mobile Get Google products on your mobile phone
  
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HP 3PAR Utility Storage Benefits

The next generation of Tier 1 storage, HP 3PAR Utility Storage delivers 100% of the agility and efficiency required by virtual and cloud data centers. Instant scalability and fast, just-in-time provisioning mean you can grow to meet the changing needs of your business quickly and cost-effectively. Multitenancy means you can support more groups, departments, or clients from a single consolidated storage system. Autonomic management means you no longer have to think about your storage. These unique benefits mean that now you can shift more resources away from operations and towards innovation that adds value to your business.
HP 3PAR Utility Storage is:

• Efficient: Reduce acquisition and operational costs by 50%.
• Autonomic: Increase storage management efficiency by 10x.
• Multitenant: Support more clients with less infrastructure.

For more information:
» Video: Transform Your Data Center with HP 3PAR Utility Storage
http://h20621.www2.hp.com/video-gallery/us/en/798ca1f34c14cfcfe056a54f0723d98afb133d27/r/video

Google Plus

Google+, a social network operated by Google, Inc., launched on June 28th, 2011 with integrations across a number of Google products, including Buzz and Profiles.

One key element of Google+ is a focus on targeted sharing within subsets of your social group, which are what Google calls Circles. Circles are simply small groups of people that you can share to, each with names like friends, family, classmates and co-workers.

Also within Google+, Google has created a section specifically for viewing, managing and editing multimedia. The photo tab takes a user to all of the photos he or she has shared, as well as the ones he or she is tagged in. It’s not just photo tagging, though: Google+ includes an image editor (complete with Instagram-like photo effects), privacy options and sharing features.

Another feature that's widely discussed is “Hangouts,” Google’s new group chat feature. Instead of directly asking a friend to join a group chat, users instead click “start a hangout” and they’re instantly in a video chatroom alone. At the same time, a message goes out to their social circles, letting them know that their friend is “hanging out.” Friends can then join the hangout as long as they have been placed in a circle that was invited by the person who created the Hangout.

All private Google Profiles to be deleted on 1 August

Google has decided to delete all Google Profiles that are set to private on 1 August.
The search giant describes Google Profiles, which are used as your Google+ profiles too, should be public, as 'what the world sees when it searches for you' – so it stands to reason that they be public.
The move comes in preparation for the Google+ public roll-out, and will make each profile easily findable via the search engine.
However, the only elements of your profile that have to be made public are your name and your gender (yeah, we're not sure why either), everything else can be kept private.
Google me
Google explains: 'The purpose of Google Profiles is to enable you to manage your online identity. Today, nearly all Google Profiles are public. We believe that using Google Profiles to help people find and connect with you online is how the product is best used. Private profiles don't allow this, so we have decided to require all profiles to be public.
'Keep in mind that your full name and gender are the only required information that will be displayed on your profile; you'll be able to edit or remove any other information that you don't want to share.
'If you currently have a private profile but you do not wish to make your profile public, you can delete your profile. Or, you can simply do nothing. All private profiles will be deleted after July 31, 2011.'

Dell Xps

Dell Sets Stage to Take On Apple's iCloud

With a new release of its Stage software, Dell has quietly created a cloud-based service offering that could offer consumers a compelling reason to keep investing in Dell devices.
The new release, which began shipping last week, allows users who snap a picture with a Dell Streak or other Dell mobile device to automatically upload it to a pool of free, shared cloud storage. The new software also allows devices to remotely control and play back shared audio and video, plus other services.
For consumers, Dell's Stage release is probably more important than the new "More You" ads that began playing this week. One of the results that emerged as Dell began the market research behind the "More You" campaign is that customers, unsurprisingly, have begun to use PCs and mobile devices to store their digital memories.
"We asked them, what is so important about that computer... and whether [the respondent] was Chinese, Japanese, or Indian, ultimately it was because 'my life is on that thing,'" said Paul-Henri Ferrand, the chief marketing officer of Dell's global consumer business and SMB, and also president of Dell's Asia-Pacific/Japan business.
Stage is an attempt to take that digital content and allow users to control and manage it effortlessly, said Tim Peters, a vice president responsible for platform strategy within Dell. Within the PC, it cuts across Dell's XPS, Inspiron, and Alienware brands, and can be controlled from Dell's mobile devices. "It's a critical part of the Dell experience," Peters said.
What's new: remote cloud storage, photo uploads, and more
The Stage software, which Dell began shipping last year, appears as a set of square tiles on a user's PC, with various categories like "Books," "Photos," and "Apps". The new release makes each tile 3D, versus the two-dimensional images that appeared in the older version of Stage.
Any time a user snaps a digital photo with a Stage-enabled device, the new Stage software automatically uploads it to a free 2-Gbyte pool of storage. (Any content can be stored there, according to a Dell spokesman, including movies, pictures, and music.) Users can purchase additional capacity, including 5 Gbytes for $19.99/year, 25 Gbytes for $49.99/yr, and 100 Gbytes for $149.99/yr.
Automatic photo uploads is a feature reserved for just a few services at this point, among them Google's Google's latest Google+. Storing music in the cloud has also been the domain of other services, most notably Apple's iCloud.
Audio and video can be remotely controlled via Stage devices, Dell executives said. Dell has also added support for podcasts; an integrated Noisey application, which showcases music from all over the world; and an enhanced Napster home page.
Dell began life as a hyper-efficient box builder, known for its "just in time" strategy of managing inventory efficiently than anything else. If buyers wanted the latest Intel microprocessor, they bought it from Dell. Years later, however, leadership in the PC space has evolved into a competition whose products are differentiated using design, services, and price as metrics. Ferrand described his business as a "brand war," where Dell is aspiring to become something like an Audi of the PC world, where the quality of its fit and finish is complemented by a faith in its superior engineering.
"With Stage, we're building to the experiences of people, rather than building to specs," Ferrand said.

Green Data Center

Cisco 7500 Series Routers

The rapid expansion of the Internet has fundamentally changed the way organizations conduct business. With this growth, enterprise customers are seeking higher bandwidth aggregation of WAN links to the Internet. Likewise the service provider community is faced with meeting the continued demand from consumers for Internet access. These factors are driving service provider and enterprise customers to solutions that optimize network density, bandwidth aggregation, availability, serviceability, and operational costs.

The high-performance Cisco 7500 Series Router remains the market leader due to its breadth of advanced support for LAN/WAN services, redundancy, reliability, and performance.

To learn more about the Cisco 7500 Series Router,

A distributed architecture using Versatile Interface Processors (VIPs) is the key to the Cisco 7500's scalability. Each VIP has its own processor, which is capable of switching IP data packets and providing network services. This scenario allows the overall system performance of Cisco 7500 routers to scale up when they need to handle more high-speed network connections and more data packets. The RSP is still the master of the system. It runs routing protocols with other routers in the network to gather switching intelligence, which is then downloaded to the VIPs so that each can switch IP packets on its own.

In addition to performing packet switching, the VIPs can also provide a set of distributed IP network services, including access control, QoS, and traffic accounting (NetFlow). With the VIPs off-loading these IP switching and service functions from the RSP, the RSP can devote all its CPU cycles to handle other essential tasks. VIP distributed switching is the way to scale up system performance, and should be enabled where possible, to significantly reduce CPU utilization on the RSP.

Since its launch, the Cisco 7500 Series router has seen huge improvements in performance and its ability to scale. Alongside a widened number of interfaces (port adapters) for both LAN and WAN connectivity, the latest high end RSP8 CPU, and VIP4 module mean that the platform continues to deliver market leading performance.

Booting Issues in Solaris

Booting Problems in Solaris 

1.Booting in single user mode and mounting root hard disk.

Most important step in  diagnosing the booting problems is booting the system in single user mode and examining the hard disk for possible errors & work out the corrective measure. Single user mode can be achieved by any of the following methods :-

ok> boot -s           ;from root disk

ok> boot net -s       ;from network

ok>boot cdrom -s      ;from cdrom

Rebooting with command: cdrom -s 

Configuring the /devices directory

Configuring the /dev directory |

INIT: SINGLE USER MODE

#

# fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0

# mount /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0 /mnt

Perform the required operation on mounted disk , now accessible through /mnt ,& unmount the hard disk after you are done ;

# umount /mnt

# reboot

2.Making boot device alias

In case system can not boot from primary disk  and it is needed to make another boot disk to access the data , nvalias command is used .

nvalias command makes the device alias  and assigns an alternate name to a physical disk. Physical address of target disk is required  which can be had by show-disk command on ok>.

ok> nvalias disk7 /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/dma@3,81000/esp@3,80000/sd2,0

The new aliased disk can be named as boot disk or can be used for booting by refering its name .

ok> setenv boot-device disk7

ok>reset

or

ok> boot disk7

Booting Issues in Solaris

3."Timeout waiting for ARP/RARP packet"?

At ok> type printenv and look for these parameters .
  boot-device           disk
  mfg-switch?           false
  diag-switch?          false

if you see "boot-device net " or true value for the other two parameter change it to the values above.

In case you wants to boot from network make sure your client is properly configured in boot server and network connections & configuration are proper.

4."The file just loaded does not appear to be executable."

Boot block on the hard disk is corrupted .Boot the system in single user mode with cdrom and reinstall boot block .

#installboot /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0

5."bootblk: can't find the boot program"

boot block can not find the boot programe - ufsboot in Solaris .Either ufsboot is missing or corrupted . In such cases it can be restored from the cdrom after booting from cdrom & mounting the hard disk 

# cp /platform/`uname -i`/ufsboot /mnt/platform/`uname -i`

6."boot: cannot open kernel/unix"

Kernel directory or unix kernel file in this directory is not found .Probably deleted during fsck or deleted by mistake .Copy it from the cdrom or restore from the backup tape.

# cp /platform/`uname -i`/kernel/unix /mnt/platform/`uname -i`/kernel

7."Error reading ELF header."?

Kernel directory or unix kernel file in this directory is corrupted.Copy it from the cdrom or restore from the backup tape.

# cp /platform/`uname -i`/kernel/unix /mnt/platform/`uname -i`/kernel

8."Cannot open '/etc/path_to_inst'"

System can not find the /etc/path_to_install file .It might be missing or corrupted and needs to be rebuild.

To rebuild this file  boot the system with  -ar option :

ok>boot -ar

Press enter to select default values for the questions  asked during booting and select yes to rebuild /etc/path_to_install

The /etc/path_to_inst on your system does not exist or is empty. Do you want to rebuild this file [n]? y

system will continue booting after rebuilding the file.

9."Can't stat /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0"

When booted from cdrom  and done fsck the root partition comes out to be fine but on booting from root disk this error occurs. The device name for / is missing from /dev/dsk directory and to resolve the issue /dev & /devices directories has to be restored from root backup tapes .

Solaris Interview Questions

Explain rc script and run level

Rc script : check and mount the file system, start and stop the various process.

Run level: Base on the init phases 8 run level

m

Which file will take place while booting.

# /etc/inittab

How many file to modify the host name to be changed without rebooting the system.

There are 6 files.

#vi /etc/hosts

#vi /etc/nodename

#vi /etc/hostname.hme

#vi /etc/net/ticlts/hosts

#vi /etc/net/ticosts/hosts

#vi /etc/net/ticotsord/hostst

Where the ip address will be stored

# /etc/hosts

# /etc/hosts.equi

# /etc/hosts.hme

How to configure the network card

# ifconfig hme0 plumb

# ifconfig hme0 192.9.200.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

# vi /etc/hosts ( update the ip address )

# vi /etc/hosts.hme0 ( update the ip address ) --> to bring the interface along with the ipaddress during boot time.

How to configure the virtual ip address

Infinity virtual ip address can be created.

# ifconfig hme0:1 plumb

# ifconfig hme0:1 192.9.200.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

# vi /etc/hosts ( update the ip address )

# vi /etc/hosts.hme0:1 ( update the ip address ) --> to bring the interface along with the ipaddress during boot time.

How to find the network card speed

# ndd –get /dev/hme link_speed            

1 = 100mbps

0 = 10mbps

How to modify network card speed

# ndd –set /dev/hme instance 0

# ndd –get /dev/hme link_status

# ndd –get /dev/hme link_mode

             To modify

# ndd –set /dev/eri instance 0

# ndd –set /dev/eri adv_100T4_cap0

# ndd –set /dev/eri adv_100fdx_cap1

# ndd –set /dev/eri adv_100hdx_cap0

# ndd –set /dev/eri adv_10fdx_cap0

# ndd –set /dev/eri adv_10hdx_cap0

# ndd –set /dev/eri adv_autoneg_cap0